![]() ![]() We designed a population-based nationwide nested case–control study and obtained inpatient and outpatient files from Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD). Thus, this study aimed to examine the association between T. In addition, there is still a lack of related literature regarding BC and Asian male populations. Another multicenter study in the USA revealed that patients with a history of STIs and positive STI serologies demonstrated no association with BPH 12. vaginalis infection and PCa in Caucasian or African-American groups 11. demonstrated that there was no significant association between T. However, conflicting results have also been reported. vaginalis seropositivity had a positive correlation with PCa risk 10. The Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS) demonstrated that T. ![]() vaginalis on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing 9. The study from Vienna General Hospital discovered that 29/86 (33.7%) patients with BPH were positive for T. Some in vitro studies showed that PCa may be associated with the up-regulation of the expression of genes that can control cell apoptosis or be overexpressed as a proto-oncogene 7, 8. vaginalis infection may induce proliferation of prostatic epithelial cells and stromal cells 5, 6. vaginalis infection and BC however, some studies have mentioned that T. There is a lack of research into the relationship between T. Because most male patients are asymptomatic and remain undiagnosed and untreated, persistent infection may cause chronic inflammation, which may increase the risk of GUC. Trichomonas vaginalis infection is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections (STIs), accounting for approximately 276.4 million new cases annually 4. In addition, urinary tract infection (UTI) is significantly associated with genitourinary cancers (GUC), including kidney, prostate, and bladder cancers 3. Inflammation of the prostate, which can cause proliferation of epithelium and stroma, is considered to be related to both BPH and PCa 1, 2. The pathological mechanism of these diseases is not yet fully understood. Healthcare professionals should not only pay more attention to disease treatment, but also to public health education.īenign prostate hyperplasia (BPH), prostate cancer (PCa), and bladder cancer (BC) are common diseases in the elderly male population. Men with trichomoniasis had a significantly higher risk of developing BPH and PCa than those without. The relative risk was much higher if patients had both trichomoniasis and depression (adjusted OR = 7.682, 95% CI = 5.730–9.451, P < 0.001). From 2000 to 2015, we enrolled a total of 62,544 individuals as the case group and 187,632 as the control group. ![]() All odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression to adjust for all comorbidities and variables. We used the International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision classifications to classify all the medical conditions in the case and control groups. We designed a case–control study by using the database of the National Health Insurance program in Taiwan. In this study, we aimed to investigate the association between trichomoniasis and benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH), prostate cancer (PCa), and bladder cancer (BC) in Taiwan. The chronic inflammation induced by persistent infection may increase the risk of developing genitourinary cancers. Most men remain undiagnosed and untreated because they are asymptomatic. ![]() There are approximately 276 million cases worldwide. Trichomonas vaginalis infection is one of the most widespread sexually transmitted infections in the world. ![]()
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